10 things about ... nettles


You can also see: 10 things about...ice cream, easter eggs, pigs, turkeys, beavers, nettles, marshmallows, pumpkins.


At least 10 things you might not know (and maybe one or two made-up “facts”)
  1. NettlesNettle leaves and stems are covered in hairs but only some of them actually cause a sting. The tips of these hairs come off when touched and act as a needle, injecting several chemicals including histamine, serotonin and acetylcholine.

  2. The stinging hairs are thought to have developed as a defence against grazing animals. Cows don’t like them and only goats and hungry sheep will touch nettles when the stings are active.

  3. Stinging nettles provide the only food for many species of butterfly larva.

  4. Nettles are sometimes used in shampoos. Manufacturers claim they help to control dandruff and make hair more glossy.

  5. When cooked, nettles lose their sting and have a similar flavour to spinach. They are a good source of vitamin C, iron, and calcium and also provide a surprising amount of protein. They can be eaten raw, although we certainly don’t recommend it, and a World Nettle Eating Championship is held every year at the Bottle Inn, Dorset, England.

  6. Nettles were one of the main ingredients in English beer until the 1800s. Nettle beer, wine, champagne and cordial are all still commercially available.

  7. NettlesNettle tea is made from dried nettle leaves. It will change colour from yellowy-green to pink if you add a slice of lemon.

  8. A “Be Nice To Nettle Week” takes place in the United Kingdom every May to celebrate its important role in the natural world.

  9. In late summer the huge quantity of seed produced provide a food source for many of our seed eating birds.

  10. The juice of the stems and leaves has been used to produce a permanent green dye, while a yellow dye can be obtained from boiling the roots.

  11. Cloth has been woven from the fibres in mature nettle stems for many centuries and has been used for tablecloths and sheets. It was also used for German army uniforms during the First World War when there was a shortage of cotton.

Did you spot the 'untruths'? Let us know which fact you think is false.

Think you can come up with something better?! Get creative and make up one of your own to replace it.

We'll give everyone who enters a "Love Us, Not Eat Us" animal window sticker and put the best online. Write to education@vegsoc.org (don't forget to include your name and address if you would like a window sticker!)

 


You can also see: 10 things about...ice cream, easter eggs, pigs, turkeys, beavers, nettles, marshmallows, pumpkins.


 
 
/*! * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine * Copyright 2011, The Dojo Foundation * Released under the MIT, BSD, and GPL Licenses. * More information: http://sizzlejs.com/ */ (function(){ var chunker = /((?:\((?:\([^()]+\)|[^()]+)+\)|\[(?:\[[^\[\]]*\]|['"][^'"]*['"]|[^\[\]'"]+)+\]|\\.|[^ >+~,(\[\\]+)+|[>+~])(\s*,\s*)?((?:.|\r|\n)*)/g, expando = "sizcache" + (Math.random() + '').replace('.', ''), done = 0, toString = Object.prototype.toString, hasDuplicate = false, baseHasDuplicate = true, rBackslash = /\\/g, rReturn = /\r\n/g, rNonWord = /\W/; // Here we check if the JavaScript engine is using some sort of // optimization where it does not always call our comparision // function. If that is the case, discard the hasDuplicate value. // Thus far that includes Google Chrome. [0, 0].sort(function() { baseHasDuplicate = false; return 0; }); var Sizzle = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { results = results || []; context = context || document; var origContext = context; if ( context.nodeType !== 1 && context.nodeType !== 9 ) { return []; } if ( !selector || typeof selector !== "string" ) { return results; } var m, set, checkSet, extra, ret, cur, pop, i, prune = true, contextXML = Sizzle.isXML( context ), parts = [], soFar = selector; // Reset the position of the chunker regexp (start from head) do { chunker.exec( "" ); m = chunker.exec( soFar ); if ( m ) { soFar = m[3]; parts.push( m[1] ); if ( m[2] ) { extra = m[3]; break; } } } while ( m ); if ( parts.length > 1 && origPOS.exec( selector ) ) { if ( parts.length === 2 && Expr.relative[ parts[0] ] ) { set = posProcess( parts[0] + parts[1], context, seed ); } else { set = Expr.relative[ parts[0] ] ? [ context ] : Sizzle( parts.shift(), context ); while ( parts.length ) { selector = parts.shift(); if ( Expr.relative[ selector ] ) { selector += parts.shift(); } set = posProcess( selector, set, seed ); } } } else { // Take a shortcut and set the context if the root selector is an ID // (but not if it'll be faster if the inner selector is an ID) if ( !seed && parts.length > 1 && context.nodeType === 9 && !contextXML && Expr.match.ID.test(parts[0]) && !Expr.match.ID.test(parts[parts.length - 1]) ) { ret = Sizzle.find( parts.shift(), context, contextXML ); context = ret.expr ? Sizzle.filter( ret.expr, ret.set )[0] : ret.set[0]; } if ( context ) { ret = seed ? { expr: parts.pop(), set: makeArray(seed) } : Sizzle.find( parts.pop(), parts.length === 1 && (parts[0] === "~" || parts[0] === "+") && context.parentNode ? context.parentNode : context, contextXML ); set = ret.expr ? Sizzle.filter( ret.expr, ret.set ) : ret.set; if ( parts.length > 0 ) { checkSet = makeArray( set ); } else { prune = false; } while ( parts.length ) { cur = parts.pop(); pop = cur; if ( !Expr.relative[ cur ] ) { cur = ""; } else { pop = parts.pop(); } if ( pop == null ) { pop = context; } Expr.relative[ cur ]( checkSet, pop, contextXML ); } } else { checkSet = parts = []; } } if ( !checkSet ) { checkSet = set; } if ( !checkSet ) { Sizzle.error( cur || selector ); } if ( toString.call(checkSet) === "[object Array]" ) { if ( !prune ) { results.push.apply( results, checkSet ); } else if ( context && context.nodeType === 1 ) { for ( i = 0; checkSet[i] != null; i++ ) { if ( checkSet[i] && (checkSet[i] === true || checkSet[i].nodeType === 1 && Sizzle.contains(context, checkSet[i])) ) { results.push( set[i] ); } } } else { for ( i = 0; checkSet[i] != null; i++ ) { if ( checkSet[i] && checkSet[i].nodeType === 1 ) { results.push( set[i] ); } } } } else { makeArray( checkSet, results ); } if ( extra ) { Sizzle( extra, origContext, results, seed ); Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); } return results; }; Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { if ( sortOrder ) { hasDuplicate = baseHasDuplicate; results.sort( sortOrder ); if ( hasDuplicate ) { for ( var i = 1; i < results.length; i++ ) { if ( results[i] === results[ i - 1 ] ) { results.splice( i--, 1 ); } } } } return results; }; Sizzle.matches = function( expr, set ) { return Sizzle( expr, null, null, set ); }; Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( node, expr ) { return Sizzle( expr, null, null, [node] ).length > 0; }; Sizzle.find = function( expr, context, isXML ) { var set, i, len, match, type, left; if ( !expr ) { return []; } for ( i = 0, len = Expr.order.length; i < len; i++ ) { type = Expr.order[i]; if ( (match = Expr.leftMatch[ type ].exec( expr )) ) { left = match[1]; match.splice( 1, 1 ); if ( left.substr( left.length - 1 ) !== "\\" ) { match[1] = (match[1] || "").replace( rBackslash, "" ); set = Expr.find[ type ]( match, context, isXML ); if ( set != null ) { expr = expr.replace( Expr.match[ type ], "" ); break; } } } } if ( !set ) { set = typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ? context.getElementsByTagName( "*" ) : []; } return { set: set, expr: expr }; }; Sizzle.filter = function( expr, set, inplace, not ) { var match, anyFound, type, found, item, filter, left, i, pass, old = expr, result = [], curLoop = set, isXMLFilter = set && set[0] && Sizzle.isXML( set[0] ); while ( expr && set.length ) { for ( type in Expr.filter ) { if ( (match = Expr.leftMatch[ type ].exec( expr )) != null && match[2] ) { filter = Expr.filter[ type ]; left = match[1]; anyFound = false; match.splice(1,1); if ( left.substr( left.length - 1 ) === "\\" ) { continue; } if ( curLoop === result ) { result = []; } if ( Expr.preFilter[ type ] ) { match = Expr.preFilter[ type ]( match, curLoop, inplace, result, not, isXMLFilter ); if ( !match ) { anyFound = found = true; } else if ( match === true ) { continue; } } if ( match ) { for ( i = 0; (item = curLoop[i]) != null; i++ ) { if ( item ) { found = filter( item, match, i, curLoop ); pass = not ^ found; if ( inplace && found != null ) { if ( pass ) { anyFound = true; } else { curLoop[i] = false; } } else if ( pass ) { result.push( item ); anyFound = true; } } } } if ( found !== undefined ) { if ( !inplace ) { curLoop = result; } expr = expr.replace( Expr.match[ type ], "" ); if ( !anyFound ) { return []; } break; } } } // Improper expression if ( expr === old ) { if ( anyFound == null ) { Sizzle.error( expr ); } else { break; } } old = expr; } return curLoop; }; Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); }; /** * Utility function for retreiving the text value of an array of DOM nodes * @param {Array|Element} elem */ var getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { var i, node, nodeType = elem.nodeType, ret = ""; if ( nodeType ) { if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { // Use textContent || innerText for elements if ( typeof elem.textContent === 'string' ) { return elem.textContent; } else if ( typeof elem.innerText === 'string' ) { // Replace IE's carriage returns return elem.innerText.replace( rReturn, '' ); } else { // Traverse it's children for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling) { ret += getText( elem ); } } } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { return elem.nodeValue; } } else { // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array for ( i = 0; (node = elem[i]); i++ ) { // Do not traverse comment nodes if ( node.nodeType !== 8 ) { ret += getText( node ); } } } return ret; }; var Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { order: [ "ID", "NAME", "TAG" ], match: { ID: /#((?:[\w\u00c0-\uFFFF\-]|\\.)+)/, CLASS: /\.((?:[\w\u00c0-\uFFFF\-]|\\.)+)/, NAME: /\[name=['"]*((?:[\w\u00c0-\uFFFF\-]|\\.)+)['"]*\]/, ATTR: /\[\s*((?:[\w\u00c0-\uFFFF\-]|\\.)+)\s*(?:(\S?=)\s*(?:(['"])(.*?)\3|(#?(?:[\w\u00c0-\uFFFF\-]|\\.)*)|)|)\s*\]/, TAG: /^((?:[\w\u00c0-\uFFFF\*\-]|\\.)+)/, CHILD: /:(only|nth|last|first)-child(?:\(\s*(even|odd|(?:[+\-]?\d+|(?:[+\-]?\d*)?n\s*(?:[+\-]\s*\d+)?))\s*\))?/, POS: /:(nth|eq|gt|lt|first|last|even|odd)(?:\((\d*)\))?(?=[^\-]|$)/, PSEUDO: /:((?:[\w\u00c0-\uFFFF\-]|\\.)+)(?:\((['"]?)((?:\([^\)]+\)|[^\(\)]*)+)\2\))?/ }, leftMatch: {}, attrMap: { "class": "className", "for": "htmlFor" }, attrHandle: { href: function( elem ) { return elem.getAttribute( "href" ); }, type: function( elem ) { return elem.getAttribute( "type" ); } }, relative: { "+": function(checkSet, part){ var isPartStr = typeof part === "string", isTag = isPartStr && !rNonWord.test( part ), isPartStrNotTag = isPartStr && !isTag; if ( isTag ) { part = part.toLowerCase(); } for ( var i = 0, l = checkSet.length, elem; i < l; i++ ) { if ( (elem = checkSet[i]) ) { while ( (elem = elem.previousSibling) && elem.nodeType !== 1 ) {} checkSet[i] = isPartStrNotTag || elem && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === part ? elem || false : elem === part; } } if ( isPartStrNotTag ) { Sizzle.filter( part, checkSet, true ); } }, ">": function( checkSet, part ) { var elem, isPartStr = typeof part === "string", i = 0, l = checkSet.length; if ( isPartStr && !rNonWord.test( part ) ) { part = part.toLowerCase(); for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { elem = checkSet[i]; if ( elem ) { var parent = elem.parentNode; checkSet[i] = parent.nodeName.toLowerCase() === part ? parent : false; } } } else { for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { elem = checkSet[i]; if ( elem ) { checkSet[i] = isPartStr ? elem.parentNode : elem.parentNode === part; } } if ( isPartStr ) { Sizzle.filter( part, checkSet, true ); } } }, "": function(checkSet, part, isXML){ var nodeCheck, doneName = done++, checkFn = dirCheck; if ( typeof part === "string" && !rNonWord.test( part ) ) { part = part.toLowerCase(); nodeCheck = part; checkFn = dirNodeCheck; } checkFn( "parentNode", part, doneName, checkSet, nodeCheck, isXML ); }, "~": function( checkSet, part, isXML ) { var nodeCheck, doneName = done++, checkFn = dirCheck; if ( typeof part === "string" && !rNonWord.test( part ) ) { part = part.toLowerCase(); nodeCheck = part; checkFn = dirNodeCheck; } checkFn( "previousSibling", part, doneName, checkSet, nodeCheck, isXML ); } }, find: { ID: function( match, context, isXML ) { if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && !isXML ) { var m = context.getElementById(match[1]); // Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns // nodes that are no longer in the document #6963 return m && m.parentNode ? [m] : []; } }, NAME: function( match, context ) { if ( typeof context.getElementsByName !== "undefined" ) { var ret = [], results = context.getElementsByName( match[1] ); for ( var i = 0, l = results.length; i < l; i++ ) { if ( results[i].getAttribute("name") === match[1] ) { ret.push( results[i] ); } } return ret.length === 0 ? null : ret; } }, TAG: function( match, context ) { if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { return context.getElementsByTagName( match[1] ); } } }, preFilter: { CLASS: function( match, curLoop, inplace, result, not, isXML ) { match = " " + match[1].replace( rBackslash, "" ) + " "; if ( isXML ) { return match; } for ( var i = 0, elem; (elem = curLoop[i]) != null; i++ ) { if ( elem ) { if ( not ^ (elem.className && (" " + elem.className + " ").replace(/[\t\n\r]/g, " ").indexOf(match) >= 0) ) { if ( !inplace ) { result.push( elem ); } } else if ( inplace ) { curLoop[i] = false; } } } return false; }, ID: function( match ) { return match[1].replace( rBackslash, "" ); }, TAG: function( match, curLoop ) { return match[1].replace( rBackslash, "" ).toLowerCase(); }, CHILD: function( match ) { if ( match[1] === "nth" ) { if ( !match[2] ) { Sizzle.error( match[0] ); } match[2] = match[2].replace(/^\+|\s*/g, ''); // parse equations like 'even', 'odd', '5', '2n', '3n+2', '4n-1', '-n+6' var test = /(-?)(\d*)(?:n([+\-]?\d*))?/.exec( match[2] === "even" && "2n" || match[2] === "odd" && "2n+1" || !/\D/.test( match[2] ) && "0n+" + match[2] || match[2]); // calculate the numbers (first)n+(last) including if they are negative match[2] = (test[1] + (test[2] || 1)) - 0; match[3] = test[3] - 0; } else if ( match[2] ) { Sizzle.error( match[0] ); } // TODO: Move to normal caching system match[0] = done++; return match; }, ATTR: function( match, curLoop, inplace, result, not, isXML ) { var name = match[1] = match[1].replace( rBackslash, "" ); if ( !isXML && Expr.attrMap[name] ) { match[1] = Expr.attrMap[name]; } // Handle if an un-quoted value was used match[4] = ( match[4] || match[5] || "" ).replace( rBackslash, "" ); if ( match[2] === "~=" ) { match[4] = " " + match[4] + " "; } return match; }, PSEUDO: function( match, curLoop, inplace, result, not ) { if ( match[1] === "not" ) { // If we're dealing with a complex expression, or a simple one if ( ( chunker.exec(match[3]) || "" ).length > 1 || /^\w/.test(match[3]) ) { match[3] = Sizzle(match[3], null, null, curLoop); } else { var ret = Sizzle.filter(match[3], curLoop, inplace, true ^ not); if ( !inplace ) { result.push.apply( result, ret ); } return false; } } else if ( Expr.match.POS.test( match[0] ) || Expr.match.CHILD.test( match[0] ) ) { return true; } return match; }, POS: function( match ) { match.unshift( true ); return match; } }, filters: { enabled: function( elem ) { return elem.disabled === false && elem.type !== "hidden"; }, disabled: function( elem ) { return elem.disabled === true; }, checked: function( elem ) { return elem.checked === true; }, selected: function( elem ) { // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default // options in Safari work properly if ( elem.parentNode ) { elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; } return elem.selected === true; }, parent: function( elem ) { return !!elem.firstChild; }, empty: function( elem ) { return !elem.firstChild; }, has: function( elem, i, match ) { return !!Sizzle( match[3], elem ).length; }, header: function( elem ) { return (/h\d/i).test( elem.nodeName ); }, text: function( elem ) { var attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ), type = elem.type; // IE6 and 7 will map elem.type to 'text' for new HTML5 types (search, etc) // use getAttribute instead to test this case return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && "text" === type && ( attr === type || attr === null ); }, radio: function( elem ) { return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && "radio" === elem.type; }, checkbox: function( elem ) { return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && "checkbox" === elem.type; }, file: function( elem ) { return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && "file" === elem.type; }, password: function( elem ) { return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && "password" === elem.type; }, submit: function( elem ) { var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); return (name === "input" || name === "button") && "submit" === elem.type; }, image: function( elem ) { return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && "image" === elem.type; }, reset: function( elem ) { var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); return (name === "input" || name === "button") && "reset" === elem.type; }, button: function( elem ) { var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); return name === "input" && "button" === elem.type || name === "button"; }, input: function( elem ) { return (/input|select|textarea|button/i).test( elem.nodeName ); }, focus: function( elem ) { return elem === elem.ownerDocument.activeElement; } }, setFilters: { first: function( elem, i ) { return i === 0; }, last: function( elem, i, match, array ) { return i === array.length - 1; }, even: function( elem, i ) { return i % 2 === 0; }, odd: function( elem, i ) { return i % 2 === 1; }, lt: function( elem, i, match ) { return i < match[3] - 0; }, gt: function( elem, i, match ) { return i > match[3] - 0; }, nth: function( elem, i, match ) { return match[3] - 0 === i; }, eq: function( elem, i, match ) { return match[3] - 0 === i; } }, filter: { PSEUDO: function( elem, match, i, array ) { var name = match[1], filter = Expr.filters[ name ]; if ( filter ) { return filter( elem, i, match, array ); } else if ( name === "contains" ) { return (elem.textContent || elem.innerText || getText([ elem ]) || "").indexOf(match[3]) >= 0; } else if ( name === "not" ) { var not = match[3]; for ( var j = 0, l = not.length; j < l; j++ ) { if ( not[j] === elem ) { return false; } } return true; } else { Sizzle.error( name ); } }, CHILD: function( elem, match ) { var first, last, doneName, parent, cache, count, diff, type = match[1], node = elem; switch ( type ) { case "only": case "first": while ( (node = node.previousSibling) ) { if ( node.nodeType === 1 ) { return false; } } if ( type === "first" ) { return true; } node = elem; /* falls through */ case "last": while ( (node = node.nextSibling) ) { if ( node.nodeType === 1 ) { return false; } } return true; case "nth": first = match[2]; last = match[3]; if ( first === 1 && last === 0 ) { return true; } doneName = match[0]; parent = elem.parentNode; if ( parent && (parent[ expando ] !== doneName || !elem.nodeIndex) ) { count = 0; for ( node = parent.firstChild; node; node = node.nextSibling ) { if ( node.nodeType === 1 ) { node.nodeIndex = ++count; } } parent[ expando ] = doneName; } diff = elem.nodeIndex - last; if ( first === 0 ) { return diff === 0; } else { return ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); } } }, ID: function( elem, match ) { return elem.nodeType === 1 && elem.getAttribute("id") === match; }, TAG: function( elem, match ) { return (match === "*" && elem.nodeType === 1) || !!elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === match; }, CLASS: function( elem, match ) { return (" " + (elem.className || elem.getAttribute("class")) + " ") .indexOf( match ) > -1; }, ATTR: function( elem, match ) { var name = match[1], result = Sizzle.attr ? Sizzle.attr( elem, name ) : Expr.attrHandle[ name ] ? Expr.attrHandle[ name ]( elem ) : elem[ name ] != null ? elem[ name ] : elem.getAttribute( name ), value = result + "", type = match[2], check = match[4]; return result == null ? type === "!=" : !type && Sizzle.attr ? result != null : type === "=" ? value === check : type === "*=" ? value.indexOf(check) >= 0 : type === "~=" ? (" " + value + " ").indexOf(check) >= 0 : !check ? value && result !== false : type === "!=" ? value !== check : type === "^=" ? value.indexOf(check) === 0 : type === "$=" ? value.substr(value.length - check.length) === check : type === "|=" ? value === check || value.substr(0, check.length + 1) === check + "-" : false; }, POS: function( elem, match, i, array ) { var name = match[2], filter = Expr.setFilters[ name ]; if ( filter ) { return filter( elem, i, match, array ); } } } }; var origPOS = Expr.match.POS, fescape = function(all, num){ return "\\" + (num - 0 + 1); }; for ( var type in Expr.match ) { Expr.match[ type ] = new RegExp( Expr.match[ type ].source + (/(?![^\[]*\])(?![^\(]*\))/.source) ); Expr.leftMatch[ type ] = new RegExp( /(^(?:.|\r|\n)*?)/.source + Expr.match[ type ].source.replace(/\\(\d+)/g, fescape) ); } // Expose origPOS // "global" as in regardless of relation to brackets/parens Expr.match.globalPOS = origPOS; var makeArray = function( array, results ) { array = Array.prototype.slice.call( array, 0 ); if ( results ) { results.push.apply( results, array ); return results; } return array; }; // Perform a simple check to determine if the browser is capable of // converting a NodeList to an array using builtin methods. // Also verifies that the returned array holds DOM nodes // (which is not the case in the Blackberry browser) try { Array.prototype.slice.call( document.documentElement.childNodes, 0 )[0].nodeType; // Provide a fallback method if it does not work } catch( e ) { makeArray = function( array, results ) { var i = 0, ret = results || []; if ( toString.call(array) === "[object Array]" ) { Array.prototype.push.apply( ret, array ); } else { if ( typeof array.length === "number" ) { for ( var l = array.length; i < l; i++ ) { ret.push( array[i] ); } } else { for ( ; array[i]; i++ ) { ret.push( array[i] ); } } } return ret; }; } var sortOrder, siblingCheck; if ( document.documentElement.compareDocumentPosition ) { sortOrder = function( a, b ) { if ( a === b ) { hasDuplicate = true; return 0; } if ( !a.compareDocumentPosition || !b.compareDocumentPosition ) { return a.compareDocumentPosition ? -1 : 1; } return a.compareDocumentPosition(b) & 4 ? -1 : 1; }; } else { sortOrder = function( a, b ) { // The nodes are identical, we can exit early if ( a === b ) { hasDuplicate = true; return 0; // Fallback to using sourceIndex (in IE) if it's available on both nodes } else if ( a.sourceIndex && b.sourceIndex ) { return a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; } var al, bl, ap = [], bp = [], aup = a.parentNode, bup = b.parentNode, cur = aup; // If the nodes are siblings (or identical) we can do a quick check if ( aup === bup ) { return siblingCheck( a, b ); // If no parents were found then the nodes are disconnected } else if ( !aup ) { return -1; } else if ( !bup ) { return 1; } // Otherwise they're somewhere else in the tree so we need // to build up a full list of the parentNodes for comparison while ( cur ) { ap.unshift( cur ); cur = cur.parentNode; } cur = bup; while ( cur ) { bp.unshift( cur ); cur = cur.parentNode; } al = ap.length; bl = bp.length; // Start walking down the tree looking for a discrepancy for ( var i = 0; i < al && i < bl; i++ ) { if ( ap[i] !== bp[i] ) { return siblingCheck( ap[i], bp[i] ); } } // We ended someplace up the tree so do a sibling check return i === al ? siblingCheck( a, bp[i], -1 ) : siblingCheck( ap[i], b, 1 ); }; siblingCheck = function( a, b, ret ) { if ( a === b ) { return ret; } var cur = a.nextSibling; while ( cur ) { if ( cur === b ) { return -1; } cur = cur.nextSibling; } return 1; }; } // Check to see if the browser returns elements by name when // querying by getElementById (and provide a workaround) (function(){ // We're going to inject a fake input element with a specified name var form = document.createElement("div"), id = "script" + (new Date()).getTime(), root = document.documentElement; form.innerHTML = ""; // Inject it into the root element, check its status, and remove it quickly root.insertBefore( form, root.firstChild ); // The workaround has to do additional checks after a getElementById // Which slows things down for other browsers (hence the branching) if ( document.getElementById( id ) ) { Expr.find.ID = function( match, context, isXML ) { if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && !isXML ) { var m = context.getElementById(match[1]); return m ? m.id === match[1] || typeof m.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && m.getAttributeNode("id").nodeValue === match[1] ? [m] : undefined : []; } }; Expr.filter.ID = function( elem, match ) { var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && elem.getAttributeNode("id"); return elem.nodeType === 1 && node && node.nodeValue === match; }; } root.removeChild( form ); // release memory in IE root = form = null; })(); (function(){ // Check to see if the browser returns only elements // when doing getElementsByTagName("*") // Create a fake element var div = document.createElement("div"); div.appendChild( document.createComment("") ); // Make sure no comments are found if ( div.getElementsByTagName("*").length > 0 ) { Expr.find.TAG = function( match, context ) { var results = context.getElementsByTagName( match[1] ); // Filter out possible comments if ( match[1] === "*" ) { var tmp = []; for ( var i = 0; results[i]; i++ ) { if ( results[i].nodeType === 1 ) { tmp.push( results[i] ); } } results = tmp; } return results; }; } // Check to see if an attribute returns normalized href attributes div.innerHTML = ""; if ( div.firstChild && typeof div.firstChild.getAttribute !== "undefined" && div.firstChild.getAttribute("href") !== "#" ) { Expr.attrHandle.href = function( elem ) { return elem.getAttribute( "href", 2 ); }; } // release memory in IE div = null; })(); if ( document.querySelectorAll ) { (function(){ var oldSizzle = Sizzle, div = document.createElement("div"), id = "__sizzle__"; div.innerHTML = "

"; // Safari can't handle uppercase or unicode characters when // in quirks mode. if ( div.querySelectorAll && div.querySelectorAll(".TEST").length === 0 ) { return; } Sizzle = function( query, context, extra, seed ) { context = context || document; // Only use querySelectorAll on non-XML documents // (ID selectors don't work in non-HTML documents) if ( !seed && !Sizzle.isXML(context) ) { // See if we find a selector to speed up var match = /^(\w+$)|^\.([\w\-]+$)|^#([\w\-]+$)/.exec( query ); if ( match && (context.nodeType === 1 || context.nodeType === 9) ) { // Speed-up: Sizzle("TAG") if ( match[1] ) { return makeArray( context.getElementsByTagName( query ), extra ); // Speed-up: Sizzle(".CLASS") } else if ( match[2] && Expr.find.CLASS && context.getElementsByClassName ) { return makeArray( context.getElementsByClassName( match[2] ), extra ); } } if ( context.nodeType === 9 ) { // Speed-up: Sizzle("body") // The body element only exists once, optimize finding it if ( query === "body" && context.body ) { return makeArray( [ context.body ], extra ); // Speed-up: Sizzle("#ID") } else if ( match && match[3] ) { var elem = context.getElementById( match[3] ); // Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns // nodes that are no longer in the document #6963 if ( elem && elem.parentNode ) { // Handle the case where IE and Opera return items // by name instead of ID if ( elem.id === match[3] ) { return makeArray( [ elem ], extra ); } } else { return makeArray( [], extra ); } } try { return makeArray( context.querySelectorAll(query), extra ); } catch(qsaError) {} // qSA works strangely on Element-rooted queries // We can work around this by specifying an extra ID on the root // and working up from there (Thanks to Andrew Dupont for the technique) // IE 8 doesn't work on object elements } else if ( context.nodeType === 1 && context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) { var oldContext = context, old = context.getAttribute( "id" ), nid = old || id, hasParent = context.parentNode, relativeHierarchySelector = /^\s*[+~]/.test( query ); if ( !old ) { context.setAttribute( "id", nid ); } else { nid = nid.replace( /'/g, "\\$&" ); } if ( relativeHierarchySelector && hasParent ) { context = context.parentNode; } try { if ( !relativeHierarchySelector || hasParent ) { return makeArray( context.querySelectorAll( "[id='" + nid + "'] " + query ), extra ); } } catch(pseudoError) { } finally { if ( !old ) { oldContext.removeAttribute( "id" ); } } } } return oldSizzle(query, context, extra, seed); }; for ( var prop in oldSizzle ) { Sizzle[ prop ] = oldSizzle[ prop ]; } // release memory in IE div = null; })(); } (function(){ var html = document.documentElement, matches = html.matchesSelector || html.mozMatchesSelector || html.webkitMatchesSelector || html.msMatchesSelector; if ( matches ) { // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector // on a disconnected node (IE 9 fails this) var disconnectedMatch = !matches.call( document.createElement( "div" ), "div" ), pseudoWorks = false; try { // This should fail with an exception // Gecko does not error, returns false instead matches.call( document.documentElement, "[test!='']:sizzle" ); } catch( pseudoError ) { pseudoWorks = true; } Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( node, expr ) { // Make sure that attribute selectors are quoted expr = expr.replace(/\=\s*([^'"\]]*)\s*\]/g, "='$1']"); if ( !Sizzle.isXML( node ) ) { try { if ( pseudoWorks || !Expr.match.PSEUDO.test( expr ) && !/!=/.test( expr ) ) { var ret = matches.call( node, expr ); // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes if ( ret || !disconnectedMatch || // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document // fragment in IE 9, so check for that node.document && node.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { return ret; } } } catch(e) {} } return Sizzle(expr, null, null, [node]).length > 0; }; } })(); (function(){ var div = document.createElement("div"); div.innerHTML = "
"; // Opera can't find a second classname (in 9.6) // Also, make sure that getElementsByClassName actually exists if ( !div.getElementsByClassName || div.getElementsByClassName("e").length === 0 ) { return; } // Safari caches class attributes, doesn't catch changes (in 3.2) div.lastChild.className = "e"; if ( div.getElementsByClassName("e").length === 1 ) { return; } Expr.order.splice(1, 0, "CLASS"); Expr.find.CLASS = function( match, context, isXML ) { if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && !isXML ) { return context.getElementsByClassName(match[1]); } }; // release memory in IE div = null; })(); function dirNodeCheck( dir, cur, doneName, checkSet, nodeCheck, isXML ) { for ( var i = 0, l = checkSet.length; i < l; i++ ) { var elem = checkSet[i]; if ( elem ) { var match = false; elem = elem[dir]; while ( elem ) { if ( elem[ expando ] === doneName ) { match = checkSet[elem.sizset]; break; } if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !isXML ){ elem[ expando ] = doneName; elem.sizset = i; } if ( elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === cur ) { match = elem; break; } elem = elem[dir]; } checkSet[i] = match; } } } function dirCheck( dir, cur, doneName, checkSet, nodeCheck, isXML ) { for ( var i = 0, l = checkSet.length; i < l; i++ ) { var elem = checkSet[i]; if ( elem ) { var match = false; elem = elem[dir]; while ( elem ) { if ( elem[ expando ] === doneName ) { match = checkSet[elem.sizset]; break; } if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { if ( !isXML ) { elem[ expando ] = doneName; elem.sizset = i; } if ( typeof cur !== "string" ) { if ( elem === cur ) { match = true; break; } } else if ( Sizzle.filter( cur, [elem] ).length > 0 ) { match = elem; break; } } elem = elem[dir]; } checkSet[i] = match; } } } if ( document.documentElement.contains ) { Sizzle.contains = function( a, b ) { return a !== b && (a.contains ? a.contains(b) : true); }; } else if ( document.documentElement.compareDocumentPosition ) { Sizzle.contains = function( a, b ) { return !!(a.compareDocumentPosition(b) & 16); }; } else { Sizzle.contains = function() { return false; }; } Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { // documentElement is verified for cases where it doesn't yet exist // (such as loading iframes in IE - #4833) var documentElement = (elem ? elem.ownerDocument || elem : 0).documentElement; return documentElement ? documentElement.nodeName !== "HTML" : false; }; var posProcess = function( selector, context, seed ) { var match, tmpSet = [], later = "", root = context.nodeType ? [context] : context; // Position selectors must be done after the filter // And so must :not(positional) so we move all PSEUDOs to the end while ( (match = Expr.match.PSEUDO.exec( selector )) ) { later += match[0]; selector = selector.replace( Expr.match.PSEUDO, "" ); } selector = Expr.relative[selector] ? selector + "*" : selector; for ( var i = 0, l = root.length; i < l; i++ ) { Sizzle( selector, root[i], tmpSet, seed ); } return Sizzle.filter( later, tmpSet ); }; // EXPOSE // Override sizzle attribute retrieval Sizzle.attr = jQuery.attr; Sizzle.selectors.attrMap = {}; jQuery.find = Sizzle; jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; jQuery.expr[":"] = jQuery.expr.filters; jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; })(); var runtil = /Until$/, rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prevUntil|prevAll)/, // Note: This RegExp should be improved, or likely pulled from Sizzle rmultiselector = /,/, isSimple = /^.[^:#\[\.,]*$/, slice = Array.prototype.slice, POS = jQuery.expr.match.globalPOS, // methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set guaranteedUnique = { children: true, contents: true, next: true, prev: true }; jQuery.fn.extend({ find: function( selector ) { var self = this, i, l; if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { return jQuery( selector ).filter(function() { for ( i = 0, l = self.length; i < l; i++ ) { if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { return true; } } }); } var ret = this.pushStack( "", "find", selector ), length, n, r; for ( i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; i++ ) { length = ret.length; jQuery.find( selector, this[i], ret ); if ( i > 0 ) { // Make sure that the results are unique for ( n = length; n < ret.length; n++ ) { for ( r = 0; r < length; r++ ) { if ( ret[r] === ret[n] ) { ret.splice(n--, 1); break; } } } } } return ret; }, has: function( target ) { var targets = jQuery( target ); return this.filter(function() { for ( var i = 0, l = targets.length; i < l; i++ ) { if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[i] ) ) { return true; } } }); }, not: function( selector ) { return this.pushStack( winnow(this, selector, false), "not", selector); }, filter: function( selector ) { return this.pushStack( winnow(this, selector, true), "filter", selector ); }, is: function( selector ) { return !!selector && ( typeof selector === "string" ? // If this is a positional selector, check membership in the returned set // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". POS.test( selector ) ? jQuery( selector, this.context ).index( this[0] ) >= 0 : jQuery.filter( selector, this ).length > 0 : this.filter( selector ).length > 0 ); }, closest: function( selectors, context ) { var ret = [], i, l, cur = this[0]; // Array (deprecated as of jQuery 1.7) if ( jQuery.isArray( selectors ) ) { var level = 1; while ( cur && cur.ownerDocument && cur !== context ) { for ( i = 0; i < selectors.length; i++ ) { if ( jQuery( cur ).is( selectors[ i ] ) ) { ret.push({ selector: selectors[ i ], elem: cur, level: level }); } } cur = cur.parentNode; level++; } return ret; } // String var pos = POS.test( selectors ) || typeof selectors !== "string" ? jQuery( selectors, context || this.context ) : 0; for ( i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; i++ ) { cur = this[i]; while ( cur ) { if ( pos ? pos.index(cur) > -1 : jQuery.find.matchesSelector(cur, selectors) ) { ret.push( cur ); break; } else { cur = cur.parentNode; if ( !cur || !cur.ownerDocument || cur === context || cur.nodeType === 11 ) { break; } } } } ret = ret.length > 1 ? jQuery.unique( ret ) : ret; return this.pushStack( ret, "closest", selectors ); }, // Determine the position of an element within // the matched set of elements index: function( elem ) { // No argument, return index in parent if ( !elem ) { return ( this[0] && this[0].parentNode ) ? this.prevAll().length : -1; } // index in selector if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { return jQuery.inArray( this[0], jQuery( elem ) ); } // Locate the position of the desired element return jQuery.inArray( // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used elem.jquery ? elem[0] : elem, this ); }, add: function( selector, context ) { var set = typeof selector === "string" ? jQuery( selector, context ) : jQuery.makeArray( selector && selector.nodeType ? [ selector ] : selector ), all = jQuery.merge( this.get(), set ); return this.pushStack( isDisconnected( set[0] ) || isDisconnected( all[0] ) ? all : jQuery.unique( all ) ); }, andSelf: function() { return this.add( this.prevObject ); } }); // A painfully simple check to see if an element is disconnected // from a document (should be improved, where feasible). function isDisconnected( node ) { return !node || !node.parentNode || node.parentNode.nodeType === 11; } jQuery.each({ parent: function( elem ) { var parent = elem.parentNode; return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; }, parents: function( elem ) { return jQuery.dir( elem, "parentNode" ); }, parentsUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { return jQuery.dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); }, next: function( elem ) { return jQuery.nth( elem, 2, "nextSibling" ); }, prev: function( elem ) { return jQuery.nth( elem, 2, "previousSibling" ); }, nextAll: function( elem ) { return jQuery.dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); }, prevAll: function( elem ) { return jQuery.dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); }, nextUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { return jQuery.dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); }, prevUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { return jQuery.dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); }, siblings: function( elem ) { return jQuery.sibling( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); }, children: function( elem ) { return jQuery.sibling( elem.firstChild ); }, contents: function( elem ) { return jQuery.nodeName( elem, "iframe" ) ? elem.contentDocument || elem.contentWindow.document : jQuery.makeArray( elem.childNodes ); } }, function( name, fn ) { jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { var ret = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); if ( !runtil.test( name ) ) { selector = until; } if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { ret = jQuery.filter( selector, ret ); } ret = this.length > 1 && !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ? jQuery.unique( ret ) : ret; if ( (this.length > 1 || rmultiselector.test( selector )) && rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { ret = ret.reverse(); } return this.pushStack( ret, name, slice.call( arguments ).join(",") ); }; }); jQuery.extend({ filter: function( expr, elems, not ) { if ( not ) { expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; } return elems.length === 1 ? jQuery.find.matchesSelector(elems[0], expr) ? [ elems[0] ] : [] : jQuery.find.matches(expr, elems); }, dir: function( elem, dir, until ) { var matched = [], cur = elem[ dir ]; while ( cur && cur.nodeType !== 9 && (until === undefined || cur.nodeType !== 1 || !jQuery( cur ).is( until )) ) { if ( cur.nodeType === 1 ) { matched.push( cur ); } cur = cur[dir]; } return matched; }, nth: function( cur, result, dir, elem ) { result = result || 1; var num = 0; for ( ; cur; cur = cur[dir] ) { if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && ++num === result ) { break; } } return cur; }, sibling: function( n, elem ) { var r = []; for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { r.push( n ); } } return r; } }); // Implement the identical functionality for filter and not function winnow( elements, qualifier, keep ) { // Can't pass null or undefined to indexOf in Firefox 4 // Set to 0 to skip string check qualifier = qualifier || 0; if ( jQuery.isFunction( qualifier ) ) { return jQuery.grep(elements, function( elem, i ) { var retVal = !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ); return retVal === keep; }); } else if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { return jQuery.grep(elements, function( elem, i ) { return ( elem === qualifier ) === keep; }); } else if ( typeof qualifier === "string" ) { var filtered = jQuery.grep(elements, function( elem ) { return elem.nodeType === 1; }); if ( isSimple.test( qualifier ) ) { return jQuery.filter(qualifier, filtered, !keep); } else { qualifier = jQuery.filter( qualifier, filtered ); } } return jQuery.grep(elements, function( elem, i ) { return ( jQuery.inArray( elem, qualifier ) >= 0 ) === keep; }); } function createSafeFragment( document ) { var list = nodeNames.split( "|" ), safeFrag = document.createDocumentFragment(); if ( safeFrag.createElement ) { while ( list.length ) { safeFrag.createElement( list.pop() ); } } return safeFrag; } var nodeNames = "abbr|article|aside|audio|bdi|canvas|data|datalist|details|figcaption|figure|footer|" + "header|hgroup|mark|meter|nav|output|progress|section|summary|time|video", rinlinejQuery = / jQuery\d+="(?:\d+|null)"/g, rleadingWhitespace = /^\s+/, rxhtmlTag = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:]+)[^>]*)\/>/ig, rtagName = /<([\w:]+)/, rtbody = /]", "i"), // checked="checked" or checked rchecked = /checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i, rscriptType = /\/(java|ecma)script/i, rcleanScript = /^\s*", "" ], legend: [ 1, "
", "
" ], thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], td: [ 3, "", "
" ], col: [ 2, "", "
" ], area: [ 1, "", "" ], _default: [ 0, "", "" ] }, safeFragment = createSafeFragment( document ); wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option; wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; // IE can't serialize and
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